Jurisiti Legal LLP advises financial-services businesses, FinTech companies, investors, commercial counterparties and customers on the legal requirements governing financial products and technology-enabled financial services in India. Our work covers business structuring, regulatory permissions, product development, contracts, compliance, transactions and disputes arising through the operation of a financial business.
We assist with banking and non-banking finance, digital lending, payments, financial-data services, investment platforms, insurance distribution, pension services, cross-border arrangements and businesses operating in International Financial Services Centres. We also advise technology suppliers whose products support regulated institutions, including software, cloud, identity-verification, analytics, fraud-prevention and compliance providers.
The legal framework depends on what a business actually does, who holds customer money or assets, who provides the financial product, how revenue is earned and which entity bears the regulated responsibility. We assess these features before advising on licensing, a partnership structure or a proposed launch. A FinTech label, company incorporation or agreement with a regulated institution does not itself authorise every financial activity.
Our dispute practice covers contractual claims, customer complaints, recovery and security enforcement, technology failures, regulatory action, fraud, cybercrime and corporate disputes. We act for the client identified in the engagement, subject to conflicts checks, the applicable rules of representation and the jurisdiction of the relevant forum. Cross-border matters are coordinated with appropriately qualified foreign counsel where required.
We review the proposed product, customer journey, flow of funds, custody arrangements, credit exposure, data access and distribution model to identify the applicable regulatory requirements. Work includes assessing the roles of the Reserve Bank of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority, International Financial Services Centres Authority and other competent authorities. We examine overlapping requirements rather than treating one permission as covering the entire business.
We advise on legal requirements affecting banking models, permitted financial activities, bank subsidiaries, business correspondents, referral arrangements and partnerships between banks and technology businesses. Work includes reviewing account-opening arrangements, deposit-related services, distribution, branding, customer disclosures and allocation of responsibilities. For businesses described as neobanks or banking platforms, we assess the activities performed by the licensed bank and those performed by the platform, including the limits on deposit-taking and use of banking descriptions.
We assist with the legal aspects of NBFC formation, registration, business classification, proposed activities, governance and continuing compliance. Coverage includes lending and investment businesses, housing finance, microfinance, infrastructure finance, factoring and other relevant NBFC categories. We advise on applicable prudential requirements, capital and ownership issues, changes in management or control, group structures, outsourcing and responses to supervisory observations. Registration and deposit-taking permissions are assessed separately.
We advise payment aggregators, payment gateways, payment-system operators and their commercial partners on the legal classification of their activities, authorisation requirements and operating restrictions. Work includes domestic and cross-border payment aggregation, merchant acquisition, escrow and settlement arrangements, refunds, chargebacks, transaction monitoring and customer complaints. We distinguish businesses handling or aggregating funds from suppliers providing payment technology, and assess responsibilities arising from the actual transaction structure.
We assist with the legal requirements for prepaid payment instruments, wallets, cards, payment applications and participation in relevant payment networks. Work includes issuer and partner arrangements, permitted uses, customer onboarding, interoperability, redemption, safeguarding of funds, transaction records and grievance handling. UPI, bill-payment, recurring-payment and other network-based services are assessed against the applicable regulator, network and participant requirements. Network access and regulatory authorisation are separate issues.
We advise on NBFC peer-to-peer lending platforms and account-aggregator businesses, including registration, permitted activities, agreements, customer disclosures and operational restrictions. For lending platforms, we assess the treatment of lender and borrower funds, credit risk, guarantees and representations about returns. For financial-data services, we examine consent, the roles of information providers and users, access controls and permitted data use. Account aggregation is assessed separately from lending, investment advice and payment execution.
We advise on credit and debit card arrangements, co-branding, issuing and acquiring relationships, tokenisation, transaction authentication and recurring-payment mandates. Work includes partner agreements, customer consent, billing, charges, cancellation, refunds and responsibility for disputed transactions. We assess the requirements applicable to the issuer, network, platform and service provider, including security and implementation conditions for domestic or cross-border use.
We assist with the legal classification, permissions and contractual requirements for foreign-exchange services, money-changing, remittance and money-transfer arrangements. Work includes authorised-person and partner roles, permitted transactions, customer identification, disclosures, reporting and the use of technology or overseas counterparties. The payment or platform permission is reviewed separately from the authority required to deal in foreign exchange or facilitate the particular remittance.
We assist with legal issues affecting factoring businesses, receivables finance, Trade Receivables Discounting System platforms, credit-information companies and related technology services. Work includes assignment documentation, registration requirements, debtor notices, platform participation, confidentiality, reporting and correction processes. We also assess whether a proposed receivables marketplace or credit-scoring service performs a regulated activity, and whether its commercial arrangements accurately reflect the rights in the underlying receivable or data.
We assist with application documents, legal descriptions of the business, promoter and ownership disclosures, responses to regulatory queries and assessment of conditions attached to permissions. Continuing work includes changes in control or management, new products, material outsourcing, restructuring, surrender of authorisation and orderly cessation. Approvals, registrations, memberships and professional certifications are addressed according to the applicable framework and the decision of the competent authority.
We advise regulated lenders, lending service providers and digital lending platforms on their respective obligations under the applicable RBI framework. Work includes loan origination, borrower assessment, product displays, key fact statements, pricing disclosures, disbursement and repayment flows, cooling-off arrangements, data collection, grievance handling and reporting. We review lender oversight of service providers and the legal implications of an application displaying products from multiple lenders, including how customers receive information and make a choice.
We review personal loans, merchant credit, buy-now-pay-later arrangements, checkout finance, education finance, vehicle finance, housing-related products and other embedded credit models. Work includes identifying the actual lender, customer-facing terms, interest and charges, repayments, refunds following cancellation of the underlying purchase and the interaction between the finance agreement and the merchant contract. The proposed structure is assessed for applicable lending, payments, consumer and state money-lending requirements.
We assist with working-capital facilities, term loans, venture debt, secured and unsecured credit, invoice finance, supply-chain finance and other business funding structures. Work includes loan, guarantee and security documents, conditions precedent, covenants, drawdown mechanics, repayment, default, restructuring and settlement. We review co-lending and loan participation arrangements, transfers and securitisation against the rules applicable to the parties and the assets concerned.
We advise on default loss guarantee arrangements, credit support, indemnities and other proposals to allocate risk between lenders and service providers. Work includes assessing whether the structure is permitted, applicable limits and exclusions, eligible providers and forms of support, disclosures, invocation and continuing obligations. We examine the substance of guarantees or reimbursement promises, including informal commitments, to identify arrangements that cannot be implemented through a permitted guarantee structure.
We review collection and recovery arrangements, recovery-agent contracts, borrower communications, settlement terms and complaints concerning coercion, harassment or unauthorised use of personal information. Work includes legal requirements for agent oversight, notices, access to records and handling disputed dues. We advise lenders and borrowers on the available recovery or defence route, taking account of the lender’s legal status, the transaction, the security and restrictions on self-help measures.
We advise on credit-information reporting, disputed entries, identity misuse, correction requests and applicable compensation requirements. Separate work covers notices and responses concerning fraud classification or wilful default, access to relied-upon material, procedural fairness and review of reasoned decisions. We assess these processes independently of criminal investigations, contractual default and recovery proceedings, including the particular opportunity to respond provided by the relevant framework.
We advise online brokerage businesses, stock brokers, depository participants, securities platforms and technology providers on registration, exchange arrangements, client documentation and operating requirements. Work includes onboarding, custody and client assets, segregation of funds, fees, trading interfaces, algorithmic or automated services, advertisements, outsourcing and investor complaints. Online bond platforms, commodity-derivatives services and other specialist distribution models are assessed under their applicable frameworks rather than treated as general marketplaces.
We review investment-advisory, research, robo-advisory, financial-content, referral and distribution models to determine the regulated role and applicable requirements. Work includes advice and research agreements, risk profiling, suitability where required, fees, conflicts, disclosures, performance claims and arrangements with promoters or influencers. We assess when technology, educational content or a commercial referral crosses into a regulated activity, and the conditions governing associations with third parties.
We assist with the legal aspects of fund-management and wealth platforms, portfolio management, mutual-fund distribution and services connected with alternative investment funds or other regulated investment vehicles. Work includes manager and platform agreements, subscription and investor documents, permitted solicitation, pooled structures, custody, disclosures and exits. Fractional investment, crowdfunding and revenue-sharing proposals require examination of their substance, including securities, collective-investment, deposit and public-offer restrictions.
We advise on the legal requirements affecting insurers, brokers, corporate agents, web aggregators and other permitted insurance intermediary or distribution models. Work includes registration, insurer partnerships, online solicitation, policy disclosures, remuneration, outsourcing, claims assistance and grievance processes. We assess the distinction between an insurance distributor, a technology supplier and a business assuming insurance risk, including arrangements marketed as protection, guarantees or embedded cover.
We assist with legal issues affecting pension intermediaries, points of presence, retirement platforms and technology suppliers in the pension ecosystem. Work includes registration and permitted activities, subscriber onboarding, contribution flows, disclosures, service agreements, recordkeeping and grievance handling. We assess the role of each participant and the framework applicable to the particular pension product, including services regulated by PFRDA and relevant IFSC arrangements.
We advise on establishment and legal requirements for financial-services and FinTech businesses in GIFT IFSC and other applicable International Financial Services Centres. Coverage includes banking, finance companies, payment services, capital-market intermediaries, fund management, insurance and technology-enabled financial activities as relevant to the model. Work includes permissions, entity and ownership structures, customer eligibility, currency and cross-border arrangements, documentation and continuing compliance under the applicable IFSCA framework.
We assess virtual digital asset businesses, exchange or transfer services, custody, tokenisation and other emerging financial products against applicable anti-money-laundering, securities, payments, foreign-exchange, tax and consumer requirements. Work includes FIU-IND registration and reporting obligations where applicable, customer terms, asset-control arrangements and incident response. FIU registration does not establish general approval of an investment product. Securities tokenisation, stablecoin, decentralised finance and digital-currency proposals require separate analysis of legality, permitted participation and any specific pilot or authorisation conditions.
We assist eligible businesses with legal assessment of sandbox or innovation-programme participation, applications, testing agreements, customer disclosures, consent, risk controls and exit arrangements. We examine the scope and duration of any permitted testing, reporting requirements and restrictions on live customers, funds or assets. A successful test, pilot, industry membership or self-regulatory organisation membership does not itself provide a general licence to conduct all financial activities.
We advise on board and committee responsibilities, fit-and-proper requirements, compliance policies, conflicts, related-party dealings, regulatory reporting and legal responses to audit or inspection findings. Work includes compliance allocation across group entities, compliance calendars, product approval procedures and legal review of remediation plans. Regulatory requirements are assessed for the institution’s category, size, activity and applicable commencement or transition provisions.
We assist with legal aspects of customer identification, beneficial ownership, enhanced due diligence, record retention, transaction monitoring, reporting and sanctions-screening arrangements. Work includes policies under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and sector-specific rules, designated roles, third-party onboarding, cross-border services and responses to deficiencies identified by authorities. Decisions about reports and disclosure of confidential reporting information are considered under the applicable legal restrictions.
We review video-based identification, Aadhaar authentication or offline verification where lawfully available, central KYC access, electronic signatures and digital contracting. Work includes consent, permitted access, use of intermediaries, retention, evidentiary records and allocation of responsibilities between the institution and its vendor. We assess whether the particular document can be electronically executed and what stamping, registration, authentication or other formalities remain necessary.
We advise on financial-data collection, processing, sharing, storage, retention and deletion, including privacy notices, consent records and agreements with processors or other data recipients. Work covers the Information Technology Act framework, sector-specific confidentiality and security rules, and the phased requirements under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act and Rules as they come into force. Data localisation, overseas access and cross-border transfers are assessed under the rules applicable to the entity and dataset concerned.
We assist with the legal aspects of cybersecurity policies, incident escalation, evidence preservation, reporting and communications with regulators, CERT-In, affected customers and commercial partners. Coverage includes account takeover, phishing, identity theft, unauthorised transactions, ransomware, insider misconduct and breaches at outsourced vendors. We coordinate with technical specialists where needed and examine contractual liability, customer protection and remedial measures without treating a technical investigation as a substitute for the required legal response.
We review customer terms, fees, financial-product promotions, interfaces, consent design, cancellation procedures and complaints mechanisms. Work includes misleading claims, dark patterns, hidden charges, unsolicited products, unfair recovery practices and obligations concerning digital accessibility. We assess the presentation of assured returns, regulatory approval, insurance protection and performance information, including responsibilities arising from influencers, affiliates and outsourced sales teams.
We advise on the legal use of automated credit decisions, financial recommendations, fraud analytics, identity tools, chatbots and regulatory-technology services. Work includes accountability, vendor allocation, permissions to use data, intellectual property, human review where required, auditability, model changes and customer explanations. We distinguish binding regulatory duties from advisory reports or proposed standards, and assess whether an automated service performs an activity requiring authorisation.
We draft and negotiate lender, bank, payment, insurer, investment-platform, merchant and distribution agreements. Documentation addresses the regulated role, permitted scope, fees, customer communications, records, complaints, loss allocation, indemnities, termination and continuing servicing. Customer documents may include account or facility terms, key disclosures, privacy notices, consent language, wallet terms and settlement agreements, according to the product and applicable framework.
We assist with software, API, cloud, hosting, cybersecurity, data-processing, compliance-service and other outsourcing contracts. Work includes service levels, regulatory access, audit rights, subcontracting, data location, incident response, business continuity, source-code or other escrow arrangements, exit assistance and migration. We examine the distinction between delegable services and responsibilities retained by the regulated institution, including risks arising from dependence on a particular vendor.
We advise founders, financial-services businesses and investors on funding rounds, acquisitions, joint ventures, business transfers and ownership restructurings. Work includes regulatory due diligence, control analysis, fit-and-proper issues, investment documents, conditions precedent, regulatory approvals and post-completion obligations. We examine how changes in ownership, personnel, technology, customer contracts or business activities affect existing permissions and the ability to continue operations.
We assist with legal issues concerning foreign investment, downstream investment, overseas ownership structures, cross-border payments, remittances, external borrowing and export or import receipts. Work includes permitted routes, reporting, foreign-exchange documentation and coordination with authorised dealers. We assess the requirements applicable to both the financial activity and the investment or funds flow, including the need for separate advice in the destination jurisdiction.
We assist financial-services and FinTech businesses with founder and employee arrangements, incentives, confidentiality, intellectual-property ownership, licensing and vendor relationships. Work includes ownership of software and databases, contractor assignments, permitted use of third-party code and branding. We also advise on premises, procurement, business contracts, competition issues and tax-related legal matters where these affect the operation or transaction under review.
We advise on recovery plans, settlement, business restructuring, asset transfers, insolvency eligibility and orderly wind-down. Work includes regulatory consent, transfer or closure of customer relationships, safeguarding and return of customer funds or assets, outstanding complaints, record retention and termination of vendor arrangements. The insolvency treatment of financial-service providers is assessed separately from ordinary corporate insolvency, including any notified category, special procedure or regulatory initiation requirement.
Financial-services disputes can involve a customer claim, a commercial contract, a regulator’s action and a criminal investigation arising from the same events. We assess each proposed proceeding for standing, jurisdiction, limitation, available evidence and the relief sought. A contractual arbitration clause, a regulator’s complaints portal or the existence of a debt does not by itself determine the correct forum.
Our work can include notices, replies, pleadings, evidence, interim applications, settlement negotiations, hearings and enforcement in the following categories of matters, subject to the applicable law and rules of representation.
Legal assistance concerning inspection findings, supervisory communications, show-cause notices, monetary penalties, business restrictions and suspension or cancellation of registration or authorisation. We review the allegations and underlying records, prepare responses and remediation submissions, and assess the statutory appeal, administrative remedy or judicial challenge available for the particular action.
Matters concerning intermediary registration, inspections, regulatory directions, adjudication, investor-protection requirements and alleged breaches of securities regulation. Work includes replies, document production, hearing assistance where permitted, eligible settlement applications and appeals to the Securities Appellate Tribunal. We also assess proceedings concerning stock brokers, investment advisers, research analysts, investment platforms and other regulated participants.
Proceedings concerning insurance intermediary permissions, distribution practices, remuneration, disclosures, outsourcing and alleged regulatory violations. We assist with regulatory notices, responses, hearings where permitted and challenges to directions, penalties, suspension or cancellation. The available appellate route depends on the provision under which the relevant insurance order is made.
Matters concerning pension intermediary registration, subscriber servicing, contribution handling, disclosure, compliance and regulatory action. Work includes responses to notices, legal assistance in proceedings and use of the applicable statutory appeal or grievance route. We distinguish subscriber grievance procedures from challenges to regulatory orders against an intermediary.
Legal assistance concerning IFSCA permissions, inspections, business restrictions, customer or investor issues and enforcement proceedings affecting an IFSC business. We assess remedies under the governing banking, securities, insurance, pension or other applicable law. An appeal to SAT is considered where the relevant statute provides it, rather than assumed for every IFSC order.
Matters concerning reporting-entity registration, customer due diligence, recordkeeping, reporting deficiencies and FIU-IND notices or penalties. Work includes reviewing the alleged failure, preparing responses, remediation submissions and applicable appeals. We distinguish these compliance proceedings from ED investigation, attachment and criminal prosecution under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act.
Matters involving refusal, delay, conditional approval, renewal issues, surrender or cancellation of a financial-services registration or authorisation. We examine the application record, eligibility, reasons provided, compliance with procedural requirements and the available remedy. Work may include representations, responses to deficiencies, statutory appeals and maintainable judicial-review proceedings.
Disputes concerning KYC deficiencies, rejected onboarding, restricted account access, account closure, dormant accounts, withheld balances, deposits, nomination or succession documents and failures to service an account. We review the institution’s stated basis, customer records and applicable duties, then assess complaints, disclosure requests and other available remedies. A lawful restriction may require a response different from a service deficiency.
Advice and complaint preparation for eligible RBI, insurance and pension grievance or Ombudsman processes, including initial complaints to the institution, supporting documents, replies and available escalation or appeal. We assess prior complaints, concurrent proceedings, exclusions and limitation. These schemes restrict lawyer representation; services are structured around permitted assistance, with court or tribunal representation undertaken where the applicable rules allow it.
Consumer complaints and defences involving banking services, digital loans, payments, insurance, investment-related services and other eligible financial transactions. Claims may concern deficiency in service, unfair practices, wrongful charges, delayed refunds, mis-selling or failure to honour contractual obligations. We assess consumer status, commercial-purpose exclusions, pecuniary and territorial jurisdiction, evidence and the relationship with other proceedings.
Claims and defences involving unauthorised card payments, UPI transfers, internet banking, wallet activity, account takeover, impersonation and identity theft. We examine authentication records, customer notifications, transaction trails, incident reporting and the allocation of liability under the applicable framework. Work can include institutional complaints, consumer or civil claims, criminal complaints and evidence-preservation requests; reimbursement depends on the facts and applicable rules.
Disputes concerning failed or delayed transfers, duplicate debits, unreconciled transactions, incorrect beneficiaries, refund delays, recurring deductions and cancellation of mandates. We review the obligations of each participant, transaction evidence, complaint history and applicable reversal or compensation requirements. Work includes claims against the responsible institution or service provider and defences concerning authorisation, processing and customer instructions.
Commercial claims involving payment aggregators, acquiring institutions, merchants and other counterparties over settlement delays, withheld reserves, escrow operations, chargebacks, refunds and account termination. We examine the payment contract, applicable regulatory requirements, transaction records and any fraud or risk basis relied upon. Remedies may include recovery, accounts, contractual damages, interim protection and arbitration or court proceedings.
Disputes among payment-system participants or between participants and the provider concerning the operation of a payment system, including applicable statutory dispute-resolution processes under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act. We assess whether the dispute falls within that mechanism, the role of the relevant provider or authority and the available challenge. Ordinary customer complaints are examined under their own applicable routes.
Claims and defences concerning undisclosed charges, interest calculation, loan representations, key disclosures, unsolicited credit, unauthorised enhancement of limits and unfair or misleading customer interfaces. Work includes reviewing the facility documents, customer journey, consent records and lender or service-provider responsibilities. We assess contractual, consumer and regulatory remedies, including disputes involving embedded credit or merchant-linked finance.
Disputes concerning outstanding balances, non-performing asset classification, repayment appropriation, restructuring, settlement promises, foreclosure, prepayment charges, return of documents and release of security. Related work covers allegations of recovery harassment, unlawful threats, improper contact with third parties or misuse of borrower data. We assist with notices, complaints, contractual claims and responses to recovery action according to the available forum.
Matters concerning inaccurate credit reports, identity confusion, loans not taken by the customer, disputed defaults, delayed updates and failure to implement corrections. We assist with complaints to credit institutions and credit-information companies, evidence of repayment or identity misuse and applicable escalation. Work includes assessing compensation entitlement, contractual or consumer claims and the effect of disputed information on other proceedings.
Advice and challenges concerning classification of a borrower or account as fraudulent, including review of show-cause notices, relied-upon audit or forensic material, written responses and reasoned decisions. We assess compliance with the applicable procedural safeguards and available judicial remedies. A right to a particular form of oral hearing is examined under the governing law rather than assumed from the existence of a classification process.
Matters concerning proposed or final wilful-defaulter classification, including the factual basis, notices, access to relevant material, responses and applicable committee review. We examine whether the statutory and regulatory requirements have been followed and assess available challenges. We distinguish wilful default from ordinary inability to repay, fraud classification, credit reporting and criminal allegations.
Recovery claims and defences concerning loans, advances, service fees, settlement amounts, refunds, indemnities and other contractual dues. Work includes money suits, commercial suits and qualifying summary proceedings, with claims for interest, damages or accounts where legally available. We assess limitation, acknowledgments, evidence, jurisdiction and mandatory pre-institution mediation for commercial suits where applicable, including the rules governing genuine urgent interim relief.
Recovery applications, defences, counterclaims and related proceedings before DRTs and DRATs where the lender, debt and statutory requirements bring the matter within their jurisdiction. We examine the claimed debt, interest, guarantees, security, documents and available procedural objections. A financial-services contract or loan-app transaction does not automatically qualify for DRT recovery proceedings.
Matters concerning eligible secured-creditor action, demand notices, objections, possession measures, auctions, sale certificates and applications under the SARFAESI Act. We assist creditors, borrowers, guarantors and affected parties according to their standing and the applicable remedy. Work includes assessing security eligibility, procedural compliance, DRT or DRAT proceedings, interim relief and statutory deposit requirements where applicable.
Claims and defences concerning personal or corporate guarantees, indemnities, pledges, hypothecation, mortgages, security trusts and intercreditor arrangements. Disputes may involve validity, invocation, discharge, asset descriptions, registration, priority, proceeds or release. We assess contractual and statutory remedies, including the interaction with insolvency, competing security interests and restrictions on civil-court jurisdiction.
Disputes concerning title, creation or release of a mortgage, financed property, vehicle or equipment repossession, retention of original documents and claims over sale proceeds. We examine the security document, lawful possession route, notices and competing ownership rights. Work can include declarations, injunctions, recovery or statutory enforcement challenges according to the nature of the asset and claim.
Complaints and defences concerning cheque dishonour under the Negotiable Instruments Act and qualifying electronic-funds-transfer dishonour under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act. We assess legally enforceable liability, the reason for dishonour, notices, statutory timelines and the responsibility of the relevant persons. Criminal dishonour proceedings are considered separately from civil recovery and do not follow automatically from every failed payment.
Matters concerning assignment of loans or receivables, securitisation, factoring, TReDS transactions, servicing arrangements and asset-reconstruction transactions. Disputes may involve the existence of the receivable, debtor defences, notice, recourse, collection authority, fraud, waterfalls or entitlement to proceeds. We assist with contractual claims, regulatory issues and enforcement in the forum available for the relevant transaction.
Disputes involving borrowers, lenders and P2P platforms concerning loan default, misleading representations, escrow operations, recovery services and use of funds. We examine the underlying loan and the platform’s permitted role, including the distinction between borrower credit risk and a platform’s own contractual or regulatory breach. Recovery or compensation claims depend on the obligation actually undertaken and the applicable restrictions.
Commercial disputes among lenders, originators, lending service providers and guarantors concerning underwriting, servicing, collections, reconciliation, default loss guarantees and allocation of losses. Work includes claims for contractual performance, indemnity, accounts or recovery, and defences concerning regulatory restrictions or invocation conditions. We assess the interaction between the partnership agreement and obligations owed to borrowers.
Creditor, debtor and stakeholder matters involving defaults, resolution, restructuring, liquidation, avoidance transactions and insolvency-related security issues. We examine eligibility, the nature of the debt, the correct obligor and applicable jurisdiction before advising on an IBC proceeding. Financial-service providers require separate analysis of exclusions and any notified special process; an ordinary creditor petition is not assumed to be available against every regulated financial institution.
Claims and defences concerning repudiation, delayed settlement, exclusions, disclosure, premium payments, policy cancellation, surrender value and interpretation of cover. Coverage includes relevant life, health, motor, property, liability, cyber and other insurance products. We assess the policy, evidence and available consumer, civil, arbitration or permitted grievance route, including the limits on lawyer participation in Insurance Ombudsman proceedings.
Commercial disputes concerning insurer or intermediary agreements, commissions, premium handling, referrals, customer ownership, mis-selling, renewal, termination and claims-support obligations. We review the permitted distribution role, representations made and applicable remuneration or conduct rules. Work may include recovery, indemnity, damages, regulatory responses and arbitration or court proceedings where available.
Matters concerning contributions, account records, delayed processing, allocation, transfers, exit, withdrawal, nominations and deficient pension intermediary services. We assist with applicable grievance preparation, escalation, review and appeals, and contractual or other claims where legally available. The correct route depends on the product, entity, nature of grievance and restrictions on representation at each stage.
Investor and intermediary disputes concerning unauthorised trades, margin, client funds or securities, account restrictions, execution errors, settlement, custody and failure to follow instructions. Work includes eligible exchange or depository grievance processes, arbitration, online dispute resolution, consumer or civil proceedings and enforcement. We assess the governing investor agreement, transaction records and remedies applicable to the particular intermediary.
Claims and defences concerning unsuitable advice where suitability duties apply, misleading research, undisclosed conflicts, fees, return representations, unauthorised management and investment-platform servicing. Related matters include investor rights, fund documents, redemption, allocation and distribution agreements. We distinguish investment losses arising from market risk from a legally actionable breach by an adviser, manager, distributor or platform.
Legal assistance concerning alleged market manipulation, insider trading, fraudulent practices, unlawful solicitation, misleading investment advertisements and impermissible associations with unregistered persons. Work includes evidence review, regulatory responses, eligible settlement, appeals and related litigation. We assess the conduct attributed to each party, including platforms, employees, influencers and commercial partners, and the applicable civil or criminal framework.
Disputes concerning digital-asset custody, unauthorised transfers, withdrawal restrictions, platform terms, misleading representations and ownership or control of assets. We examine the product’s legal character, applicable jurisdiction, evidence and the defendant’s obligations. Contractual claims, fraud complaints, attachment issues and insolvency questions are assessed without presuming that every token, exchange or investment structure is lawfully authorised.
Legal assistance concerning ED summons, inquiries, searches, freezing, attachment, adjudication, statutory appeals and criminal proceedings under PMLA, where the engagement requires them. Work can include responses, challenges concerning ownership or the alleged connection with proceeds of crime, bail, trial and available appellate remedies. We assess the client’s role and the applicable statutory conditions separately for each proceeding.
Complaints, defence and related proceedings involving alleged cheating, criminal breach of trust, forgery, identity misuse, unauthorised access, payment fraud, insider diversion and other financial or cyber offences. Work includes police, cybercrime, EOW, CBI or other competent-agency matters, as relevant, along with bail, trial and court applications. Criminal allegations require their own legal ingredients; a contractual default alone does not establish an offence.
Matters concerning police-linked bank freezes, regulatory restrictions, attachment, disputed liens and withholding of balances or securities. We identify the authority, legal basis and scope of the restriction before advising on representations or an application to the competent court or authority. Relief may include access to records, clarification, modification or release where justified, while accounting for parallel investigations or attachment proceedings.
Matters involving alleged unauthorised deposit-taking, Ponzi schemes, fraudulent pooling, misleading return promises and misuse of investor or depositor money. Work includes complaints, defence, recovery and proceedings concerning attachment or restitution under the applicable central or state legislation. We examine the arrangement’s substance and distinguish lawful borrowing or investment from activity subject to a prohibition, registration or separate statutory process.
Commercial claims concerning software defects, API failure, cloud or hosting interruption, deficient implementation, cybersecurity vendors and failure to provide exit or migration assistance. Work includes breach-of-contract claims, service credits, refunds, damages, indemnities and interim relief. We examine service levels, causation, exclusions, liability limits and the institution’s regulatory responsibilities alongside the supplier’s contractual obligations.
Disputes concerning unauthorised financial-data use, consent, account-aggregator access, data leakage, retention, vendor breaches and failure to fulfil agreed security obligations. We assess contractual, civil, consumer, criminal and regulatory remedies under provisions operative at the relevant time. Work includes evidence preservation, incident-related claims and responses to competent authorities, with DPDP proceedings assessed against phased commencement and available jurisdiction.
Claims and defences involving software ownership, copyright, trademarks, passing off, trade secrets, confidential financial information, database use and alleged misuse by former employees or contractors. Work includes ownership and licensing disputes, infringement proceedings and interim protection where justified. We examine the rights established by law and contract, including eligibility and limits for particular software or data-related claims.
Matters concerning founder exits, shareholder rights, funding commitments, dilution, control, acquisitions, warranties, indemnities and misuse of company assets. Work includes contractual litigation or arbitration, corporate-record and securities-rectification matters, and oppression or mismanagement proceedings where statutory conditions are met. We consider the effect of regulatory permissions and fit-and-proper requirements on the proposed remedy or settlement.
Disputes concerning employment contracts, remuneration, incentives, termination, confidentiality, whistleblowing and allegations of employee or agent misconduct. Work includes internal legal assessment, responses, labour or civil proceedings and criminal complaints where warranted. Statutory inquiries and disciplinary processes are supported according to their procedural rules, including restrictions on legal representation where applicable.
Matters concerning exclusivity, tying, discriminatory platform access, alleged anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominance and financial-services merger requirements. We assess the relevant market, conduct and evidence before advising on CCI filings, responses and appellate proceedings. Contractual access disputes and regulatory participant rules are examined separately from competition-law allegations.
Matters concerning remittance restrictions, foreign-investment reporting, overseas structures, cross-border payment arrangements, external borrowing and alleged FEMA contraventions. Work includes notices, explanations, eligible compounding, adjudication and statutory appeals, alongside contractual claims where available. We examine the transaction, authorised-dealer records and governing permissions, and coordinate foreign-law issues with qualified counsel.
Legal assistance concerning GST, income-tax, withholding, stamp-duty and other tax or duty issues affecting financial products, platform fees, commissions, investment structures and digital assets. Work includes responses to notices, assessment or adjudication disputes and statutory appeals in coordination with tax and accounting professionals where appropriate. The treatment of a transaction is assessed from its legal and commercial substance.
Domestic and international commercial arbitration, mediation and settlement concerning eligible financial-services and FinTech disputes. We assist with commencement, defence, counterclaims, appointment issues, interim relief, evidence and award challenges or enforcement. We assess arbitrability and any exclusive statutory forum before relying on an arbitration clause, including restrictions affecting particular debt, insolvency, regulatory or customer matters.
Maintainable appeals, revisions, writ petitions and further proceedings arising from financial-services disputes or regulatory action. Work includes interim protection, procedural fairness, jurisdictional issues and enforcement of orders or awards. High Court and Supreme Court remedies are assessed against the governing statute and limits on judicial review; Supreme Court filings are undertaken with Advocates-on-Record as required.
The required records depend on whether the instruction concerns a launch, transaction, compliance review or dispute. Relevant documents may include the following.
We begin by identifying the business activity, regulated entity, contractual parties, customer or investor interest and decision requiring legal advice. For a new product, we assess the permissions and operational conditions that need to be addressed before launch. For an established business, we review the legal effect of proposed changes and the obligations arising from its existing permissions, contracts and customer relationships.
Our advice connects the regulatory analysis with the documents and procedures needed to implement the arrangement. We identify issues requiring a board decision, regulatory consent, correction, disclosure or specialist input. Statutory audit, financial modelling, investment recommendations, actuarial work, technical certification and regulated intermediary functions are performed by appropriately authorised professionals where required; they are distinct from our legal services.
For a dispute, we examine the documents, chronology, transaction evidence, jurisdiction and available remedy. We consider how contractual claims interact with customer protection, regulatory action, security enforcement and criminal or insolvency proceedings. Where several processes arise from the same events, we assess their relationship, including procedural exclusions and the effect of orders already passed, before advising on the next step.
Permission depends on the actual activity. Lending, accepting deposits, handling payments, giving investment advice, distributing insurance, managing investments or aggregating financial data can attract different requirements. We review the business model, flow of funds and allocation of responsibilities to identify the relevant registration, authorisation, partnership conditions or exemption.
A partnership can support a lawful structure where the permitted roles and obligations are properly identified. The agreement must reflect who provides the financial service, who holds funds or assets, who communicates with customers and who remains accountable to the regulator. We assess the proposed arrangement and the requirements applying to both the regulated institution and its service provider.
An application or platform offering banking-style services needs analysis of the activities carried out by the licensed bank and the technology business. Branding, account servicing, deposit-related representations, payments and customer disclosures matter. The commercial description of a business does not create a banking licence or allow activities outside the permitted structure.
Inclusion in an RBI digital-lending application directory should be assessed according to the directory’s purpose and applicable requirements. It does not by itself amount to RBI licensing, product approval or endorsement. We review the underlying lender, service-provider arrangements, customer documents and compliance responsibilities rather than relying only on a listing.
The distinction turns on the functions performed, including whether the business receives, pools or settles customer payments or provides technology for processing transactions. Domestic and cross-border operations may attract different requirements. We examine the actual funds flow, merchant arrangements and responsibilities to determine the appropriate regulatory treatment.
We can assess notices, statements, transaction records and complaint history to identify possible institutional, consumer, civil, statutory or criminal remedies. The appropriate route depends on the entity, nature of the claim and available evidence. Advice includes the effect of limitation, prior proceedings and the legal basis for recovery, refund, correction or compensation.
We advise on eligibility, documents, complaint drafting, responses and available escalation in RBI, insurance and pension grievance processes. These schemes restrict the engagement of lawyers as representatives. We provide legal assistance and undertake representation before courts, tribunals or other authorities where the applicable rules permit it.
Financial data can be governed by several overlapping requirements concerning confidentiality, customer identification, permitted sharing, cybersecurity and storage. The DPDP framework also has phased commencement. We assess the rules in force for the particular entity and data use, and prepare documentation and implementation advice for applicable current and forthcoming obligations.
Each product requires separate analysis. FIU-IND registration, tax treatment, use of blockchain or participation in a sandbox does not establish unrestricted authority to offer investments or financial services. We examine the asset’s legal character, custody, customer rights, marketing, payments, foreign-exchange requirements and the scope of any specific permission or pilot.
We can advise regulated institutions, technology businesses, investors, commercial counterparties or customers within the agreed engagement and subject to conflicts checks. The role and legal interests of the client determine the scope of work. Representation is undertaken before the competent court, tribunal or authority where the applicable rules permit it.
The applicable process depends on the entity and its regulated activities. Financial-service providers are treated differently from ordinary corporate debtors, and a notified special framework may be relevant. We assess whether insolvency, regulatory resolution, restructuring, winding-up or another route is available and how customer funds, assets and outstanding claims are affected.
Contact Jurisiti Legal LLP to discuss a financial-services or FinTech matter. Share the business model, parties, permissions, key documents and issue requiring advice.
